How I can find the charge attempt with a transaction ID?

You find additional data and labels on the charge attempt. However, in order to get the charge attempt for a given transaction id you have to use the charge attempt search service and create your query as shown below:

{
    "filter": {
        "children": [
            {
                "fieldName": "charge.transaction",
                "operator": "EQUALS",
                "type": "LEAF",
                "value": "<transactionID>"
            },
            {
                "fieldName": "state",
                "operator": "EQUALS",
                "type": "LEAF",
                "value": "SUCCESSFUL"
            }
        ],
        "type": "AND"
    }
}